feat(of): post-2002 GRC amendment overlays, one file per decree

Adds data/of/amendments/*.sexp: 13 overlay files, one per decree,
carrying the General Roman Calendar's amendments since the 2002 typical
edition (docs/research/of/PROVENANCE-amendments.md's own 15-item
inventory, items 10-12 sharing one decree; items 2 and 3, though issued
the same day, carry different protocol numbers and are counted as two
decrees). 14 Add directives (Padre Pio, Juan Diego, Guadalupe, John
XXIII, John Paul II, Mary Mother of the Church, Paul VI, Loreto,
Faustina Kowalska, Gregory of Narek, John of Avila, Hildegard of Bingen,
Teresa of Calcutta, John Henry Newman) and 2 Edit directives (Mary
Magdalene's rank memoria->festum; Martha/Mary/Lazarus's name widened,
same slug, same date and rank -- a continuation of the existing
memorial per the decree's own text, not a suppression and replacement).

Mary, Mother of the Church is the one movable entry (Easter_offset 50,
the Monday after Pentecost) -- verified against the decree's own text
and against Colitur_kernel.Computus.gregorian_easter in three real
years, no kernel change needed.

data/of/calendar-2002.sexp is untouched, per spec sec4.1.

Adds test/test_amendments_of.ml: every file parses, each has a pinned
SHA-256, applying all 13 in decree order yields 222 entries (208 base +
14 Add) with an empty Overlay.merge diagnostics list, and Mary Mother of
the Church resolves to the Monday after Pentecost in three real years.

Two Precedence_of interactions are recorded, not fixed (out of scope for
a data-only task): a movable Memoria_obligatoria can land on an existing
fixed one (verified for 13 June 2011), a genuine band tie Normae n. 14
does not address and Precedence_of.ml does not implement; and adding
Hildegard of Bingen changes which of two ad-libitum memorials on 17
September Precedence.resolve reports as observed, by alphabetical
tie-break alone.

1 files changed, 49 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/data/of/amendments/005-mary-magdalene-rank.sexp b/data/of/amendments/005-mary-magdalene-rank.sexp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e867d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/of/amendments/005-mary-magdalene-rank.sexp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+; data/of/amendments/005-mary-magdalene-rank.sexp -- RANK CHANGE: St Mary
+; Magdalene, memoria -> festum.
+;
+; Decree: "Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae", Congregation for Divine Worship and
+; the Discipline of the Sacraments, 3 June 2016, Prot. n. 708/2015. Signed
+; Robertus Card. Sarah (Praefectus) alone.
+; Published: AAS 108 (2016), 798-799.
+;
+; What it does: the day and colour are unchanged (22 July, white); only the
+; grade changes. Verified directly against the decree's own operative
+; sentence (docs/research/of/aas-monthly/2016_luglio.pdf, line 3344-3345 of
+; the extracted transcript): "...celebrationem Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae
+; Calendario Romano generali posthac inscribendam esse gradu festi loco
+; memoriae, sicut nunc habetur" -- "the celebration of St Mary Magdalene is
+; henceforth to be inscribed in the General Roman Calendar with the rank of
+; FEAST IN PLACE OF MEMORIAL, as it now stands." The decree also adds a
+; proper Preface to the Missal; colitur's calendar data carries no Preface
+; field, so that half of the decree has no representation here.
+;
+; This is an EDIT, not an Add: the 2002 Missal already carries the entry
+; (data/of/calendar-2002.sexp's own "mary-magdalene", 22 July,
+; Memoria_obligatoria -- Task 1's own lectio cross-check flagged exactly
+; this rank disagreement and deliberately left it for this task). Editing
+; in place, rather than Suppress+Add under a new slug, keeps the same
+; entity's identity stable across the amendment for anything that may come
+; to reference it by slug (a future lectionary, an overlay, a template).
+;
+; Precedence_of interaction (checked, not merely assumed): Festum and
+; Memoria_obligatoria are both NON-Sollemnitas ranks, so this edit does not
+; cross the Sollemnitas boundary -- Precedence_of.disposition's losing-case
+; answer for this candidate stays Omit either way (only a losing Sollemnitas
+; is ever Transferred). Precedence_of.band does move this candidate from
+; Tabula III.10 (band 100) to Tabula II.7 (band 70) -- a real precedence
+; strengthening on paper, but with ZERO effect on which day is OBSERVED
+; under the shipped universal calendar: 22 July carries no other
+; universal-calendar entry (verified -- grep of calendar-2002.sexp finds
+; exactly one (month 7) (day 22) block), so Mary Magdalene already won that
+; date outright at band 100 and continues to at band 70; an ordinary per
+; annum Sunday still outranks her either way (band 60 < 70 < 100 -- a
+; Festum of a SAINT, Tabula II.7, is not a Festum OF THE LORD, Tabula II.5
+; band 50, the only Festum grade that would beat a Sunday). The change
+; becomes live only if a future PROPER (diocesan/religious) overlay adds a
+; band-80-or-lower competitor to 22 July, or if a future obligatory
+; memorial elsewhere ties her old band-100 slot -- neither exists in the
+; shipped data today.
+((id of-amend-05-mary-magdalene)
+  (directives
+    ((Edit mary-magdalene ((Set_rank Festum)))
+     )))